Los Caballos de Paso Fino
Breed Description

The name "Paso Fino" translates from Spanish as "fine step" or "fine gait," perfectly describing the smooth, rapid footfalls that characterize the breed. This elegant name reflects the breed's Spanish heritage and the prized quality that sets it apart from other horses.

Two main populations carry the Paso Fino designation: the Puerto Rican Paso Fino (also called Paso Fino Puro Puertorriqueño) and the Colombian Paso (Colombian Criollo Horse). While sharing Spanish ancestry and similar gaits, these populations developed independently in their respective countries over centuries. The Puerto Rican horses are known for their delicate, refined step, while Colombian Pasos often display a more rapid, powerful gait with greater "brio."

The Paso Fino Horse Association (PFHA), founded in 1972 in the United States, serves as the primary breed registry, maintaining records for over 60,000 horses. The organization registers horses from multiple countries including Puerto Rico, Colombia, Dominican Republic, and Cuba. In Puerto Rico, the Federation of the Sport of Paso Fino Horses established a registry in 1943, regulated by the Puerto Rico Department of Agriculture. The Pure Puerto Rican Paso Fino Federation of America works specifically to preserve purebred Puerto Rican bloodlines in North America.

The Paso Fino presents as a refined, compact horse standing between 13 and 15.2 hands tall and weighing 700 to 1,000 pounds. Despite their relatively small size, these horses possess surprising strength and can comfortably carry adult riders. Their Spanish heritage shows clearly in their elegant conformation and proud carriage.

The head is refined and well-proportioned with a straight or slightly convex profile, large expressive eyes, and small, alert ears. Intelligence and spirit shine from their faces, reflecting the breed's characteristic "brio." The neck is gracefully arched, medium in length, and carried high, allowing for the natural head carriage that enhances their elegant movement.

Sloping shoulders lead to prominent withers and a short, strong back. The relatively short topline compared to the underline creates the compact body ideal for their characteristic gait. Hindquarters are powerful with slightly sloping croups, providing the impulsion for their energetic movement. Tails are carried gracefully when in motion.

Legs are clean and well-muscled with short cannon bones and medium-length pasterns that contribute to the smooth gait. Hooves are notably hard, a legacy of their Caribbean origins. The breed comes in all horse colors – bay, black, chestnut, palomino, buckskin, roan, gray, pinto, and more – with no color restrictions by breed associations.

The mane and tail are naturally long, full, and luxurious, reflecting Spanish ancestry. These flowing locks are never artificially enhanced in the show ring and represent an important breed characteristic that owners take pride in maintaining.

The Paso Fino's temperament combines the spirited fire known as "brio" with a willing, people-oriented disposition. This proud bearing – alert, energetic, and eager – defines the breed's character as much as its famous gait. A Paso Fino without brio lacks the essence that makes the breed distinctive.

Despite their spirit, well-trained Paso Finos are remarkably sensible and gentle. They truly enjoy human companionship, often showing affection toward their handlers and striving to please. This willingness, combined with their intelligence, makes them responsive partners once mutual trust develops. They bond closely with regular handlers and can become quite devoted.

Their intelligence requires engagement. Paso Finos learn quickly and retain their training well, but they also notice inconsistencies and may become confused or resistant with unclear handling. Consistent, fair training methods that respect their sensitivity produce the best results. Harsh methods damage their trust and can create behavior problems.

Under tack, the Paso Fino is responsive and forward-going, requiring light rein contact rather than heavy hands. Their sensitivity means experienced riders can achieve subtle communication, while beginners may find them more reactive than expected. However, well-trained older horses often prove excellent mounts for less experienced riders who can appreciate their smooth gaits.

Socially, Paso Finos integrate well with other horses while maintaining their proud bearing. They establish herd positions without excessive conflict and generally show good manners when properly socialized. Their active, curious natures mean they engage with their environment and companions rather than standing passively.

Paso Fino horses adapt well to standard horse facilities, requiring no specialized accommodations beyond those suitable for any light riding horse. Their compact size means they don't demand the oversized stalls and extra-strong fencing that larger breeds might need. However, their active natures benefit from adequate space for exercise and movement.

Pasture arrangements should provide 1-2 acres per horse with safe fencing. Their intelligence and spirit mean they may test boundaries more than placid breeds, so sturdy, well-maintained fencing prevents escape attempts. Board, vinyl, or properly installed electric fencing all work well when kept in good repair.

Stabling, when required, should include stalls measuring at least 12x12 feet with good ventilation and adequate lighting. The breed's Caribbean origins mean they handle heat and humidity well but may need blanketing in cold climates. Their fine coats provide limited insulation compared to breeds from northern regions.

Daily turnout significantly benefits Paso Finos, providing exercise, social interaction, and mental stimulation. These active horses don't thrive when confined to stalls for extended periods. Even during inclement weather, some outdoor time supports their wellbeing.

Grooming facilities should accommodate care of their long manes and tails. Wide-toothed combs, detangling products, and patience keep these signature features in good condition. Many owners braid manes and tails for turnout to prevent tangles and damage.

Exercise programs should recognize the breed's energy and stamina. Regular riding or driving keeps them physically fit and mentally satisfied. Paso Finos that don't receive adequate exercise may develop behavioral issues from excess energy.

Paso Finos are typically easy keepers, maintaining condition readily and gaining weight easily if overfed. This metabolic efficiency, combined with the breed's susceptibility to metabolic syndrome, requires careful dietary management to prevent obesity and related health issues.

Forage should constitute the dietary foundation, with horses receiving approximately 1.5-2% of body weight daily in hay or pasture. For an average 850-pound Paso Fino, this equals roughly 13-17 pounds of forage daily. Quality grass hay varieties suit most individuals, providing adequate nutrition without excessive calories.

Grain and concentrates require cautious use with this breed. Many Paso Finos maintain excellent condition on forage alone or with minimal supplementation. When additional calories are needed for working horses or those struggling to maintain weight, low-starch, low-sugar feeds reduce metabolic stress. Avoid sweet feeds and high-grain rations that promote the weight gain and insulin resistance to which the breed is prone.

Sugar and starch intake deserves particular attention for Paso Finos at risk of metabolic issues. Select hays with lower non-structural carbohydrate content when possible. Limit grazing during peak sugar hours (late morning to afternoon) and consider grazing muzzles for easy keepers on lush pastures.

Fresh water availability at all times supports health and digestion. Salt through blocks or loose supplementation ensures adequate sodium intake. Vitamin and mineral supplements balance dietary gaps based on hay analysis and regional deficiencies.

Feeding schedules should provide multiple small meals rather than large single feedings. Consistent timing establishes digestive rhythm. Body condition monitoring through regular scoring guides quantity adjustments – ribs should be easily felt without being visually prominent.

Paso Finos are generally healthy horses with good longevity when properly managed. However, the breed shows increased susceptibility to certain conditions compared to non-gaited breeds. Degenerative suspensory ligament desmitis (DSLD), metabolic syndrome, and lameness related to their gaited movement require owner awareness and proactive management. Regular veterinary care and attention to early warning signs support long, sound lives.

With appropriate management focusing on weight control, regular exercise, and attentive monitoring for early signs of DSLD and metabolic issues, Paso Finos enjoy healthy lives averaging 25-30 years. The breed's overall soundness and willing nature reward owners who invest in proper preventive care. Building relationships with veterinarians familiar with gaited breeds and their specific needs supports successful long-term management.

Training Paso Fino horses rewards handlers who appreciate their intelligence, sensitivity, and desire to please. These quick learners respond best to patient, consistent methods that build trust rather than demand submission. Understanding the breed's spirited nature helps trainers channel brio productively.

Ground training establishes communication fundamentals. Young Paso Finos should learn haltering, leading, standing for grooming, and accepting basic handling. Their intelligent, curious natures make these lessons engaging when presented with variety and positive reinforcement. Avoid drilling that bores these active minds.

Gait development deserves specific attention since the natural gait defines the breed. The characteristic four-beat lateral movement should be encouraged, not created artificially. Skilled trainers recognize each horse's natural tendencies and work to develop the best gait the individual can produce. Improper training can interfere with naturally smooth movement.

Three gait variations exist within the breed: the Classic Fino (collected, with rapid footfalls and slow forward speed), Paso Corto (moderate collection and speed), and Paso Largo (faster forward movement with less collection). Individual horses may excel at particular gaits based on their conformation and natural movement.

Under-saddle training emphasizes responsiveness to light aids. These sensitive horses don't require heavy rein contact or strong leg pressure. Riders transitioning from heavier breeds often need to soften their cues. The goal is partnership and communication, not dominance and control.

Paso Finos compete successfully in breed shows emphasizing gait quality, trail classes testing versatility, and endurance events showcasing their stamina. Their versatility allows owners to pursue multiple disciplines with the same horse.

The Paso Fino suits riders seeking supremely comfortable mounts with spirit and elegance. Their smooth gait makes them particularly attractive to riders experiencing discomfort on trotting horses, including those with back problems, arthritis, or joint issues. For these riders, the Paso Fino may make continued horseback riding possible when other breeds cause pain.

The breed's responsive, forward nature requires riders comfortable with horses that engage actively rather than plod passively. Beginning riders should work with well-trained, older horses while developing skills, as young or green Paso Finos may prove more reactive than novices expect. However, many family situations include Paso Finos ridden successfully by multiple generations.

Prospective owners should consider the breed's specific health concerns. DSLD and metabolic syndrome require awareness and management. Those unwilling to implement careful feeding programs and monitor for early warning signs may find other breeds less demanding. The investment in prevention pays dividends in long-term soundness.

Financial considerations include purchase prices ranging from several thousand dollars for pleasure horses to significantly more for show-quality individuals with proven bloodlines. Ongoing costs align with standard horse keeping expenses, though the breed's tendency toward easy keeping may reduce feed costs compared to hard keepers.

The mane and tail maintenance adds grooming time beyond what short-haired breeds require. Owners who enjoy grooming and take pride in their horses' appearance find this rewarding, while those preferring minimal care may find it burdensome.

The long-term commitment spans decades – Paso Finos commonly live 25-30 years with good care. Those prepared for this duration find rewarding partnerships with horses whose smooth gaits and willing spirits enhance riding enjoyment for years.