Arabian Sighthound
Breed Description

The Arabian Sighthound serves as a descriptive alternate name for the Saluki, emphasizing this breed's classification as a sighthound—a dog that hunts primarily by keen vision rather than scent—and its deep roots in Arabian culture. This name perfectly captures both the breed's functional category and its geographic and cultural heritage, making it particularly popular among those who appreciate the breed's authentic desert origins.

The sighthound classification distinguishes these dogs from scenthounds like Bloodhounds or Beagles that track prey primarily through smell. Sighthounds, also called gazehounds, rely on exceptional visual acuity to spot distant prey, explosive speed to run it down, and remarkable stamina to pursue it over long distances. The Arabian Sighthound exemplifies these characteristics, having been refined over thousands of years to course gazelles, hares, and other swift game across desert terrain where scent tracking proves less effective than visual pursuit.

Throughout history, this breed has accumulated numerous names reflecting different aspects of its heritage and the regions where bloodlines developed. Known as the Gazelle Hound for its primary quarry, the Persian Greyhound for its prominence in ancient Persia, the Royal Dog of Egypt for its elevated status in Egyptian civilization, and simply Saluki in most official contexts, each name tells part of the breed's remarkable story. The Arabic title el hor, meaning "the noble one," perhaps best captures the extraordinary regard in which these dogs have always been held.

The Arabian Sighthound designation particularly resonates with the breed's unique position as the only dog welcomed into Islamic society despite traditional prohibitions against canine companionship. Bedouin tribes throughout the Arabian Peninsula and broader Middle East treasured these dogs not merely as tools but as honored family members. They were permitted to share tents, sleep on family bedding, and even eat from the same vessels as their owners—privileges granted to no other dogs. This sacred status reflected both practical value as hunting companions essential for survival and spiritual significance as gifts from Allah.

Unlike many modern breeds that can be traced to specific founders or breeding programs, the Arabian Sighthound's origins are lost in the depths of antiquity. Archaeological evidence suggests these dogs existed in recognizable form at least 7,000 years ago, making them arguably the oldest pure breed of domesticated dog. Carvings, paintings, and artifacts from ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Persia depict dogs virtually identical to modern Salukis, demonstrating the remarkable consistency maintained through thousands of years of selective breeding. The deliberate restriction of breeding to only proven Arabian Sighthounds, combined with the breed's sacred status preventing crossbreeding with lesser dogs, has preserved these ancient characteristics essentially unchanged into the modern era.

The Arabian Sighthound, officially registered as the Saluki, has achieved recognition from virtually every major kennel club and canine registry worldwide. This universal acknowledgment reflects both the breed's undeniable historical significance as one of the world's oldest dogs and its successful transition from ancient hunting companion to modern show dog and family pet. The path to formal Western recognition began in the early twentieth century as Europeans encountered these exotic hounds through military and diplomatic service in the Middle East.

The Kennel Club of the United Kingdom pioneered formal breed recognition, officially acknowledging the Saluki in 1923. This timing proved fortuitous, coinciding with the Egyptomania cultural phenomenon sparked by Howard Carter's discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb in 1922. The simultaneous formation of the Saluki or Gazelle Hound Club of England in 1923 provided organizational structure for promoting and protecting the breed. Early breed advocates, including the Honorable Florence Amherst and Major and Mrs. Lance, worked diligently to ensure that the breed standard would accommodate the natural variation that had always existed within the breed rather than forcing conformity to a single rigid type.

American recognition followed closely, with the American Kennel Club admitting the breed to its registry in 1929. The first Saluki registered by the AKC was Jinniyat of Grevel, marking the beginning of the breed's presence in American dog fancy. The Saluki Club of America, established in 1927, continues to serve as the official parent club for the breed in the United States. This organization promotes responsible breeding practices, educates the public about breed characteristics, and provides opportunities for Arabian Sighthounds to demonstrate their natural abilities through lure coursing and other activities that honor their heritage.

The United Kennel Club granted recognition in 1956, placing the breed in the Sighthound and Pariah Group. The Fédération Cynologique Internationale, which serves as the world canine organization representing kennel clubs from over 90 countries, officially recognized the breed in 1966. The FCI classification places the Saluki in Group 10 (Sighthounds), Section 1 (Long-haired or fringed Sighthounds). Additional recognition has come from the Canadian Kennel Club, the Australian National Kennel Club, the New Zealand Kennel Club, and kennel clubs throughout Europe, Asia, Africa, and South America.

What makes the Arabian Sighthound's breed standard unique and particularly interesting is its deliberate acceptance of significant variation in appearance. Because the breed developed across the vast expanse of the Middle East, from Egypt through the Arabian Peninsula to Persia and beyond, different tribal groups bred for dogs adapted to their specific terrain and the particular game they hunted. Dogs bred to course gazelles over open desert developed differently than those used to chase hares through rocky wadis. This natural variation in size, proportions, and coat characteristics is not merely tolerated but actively protected in breed standards worldwide.

Both feathered and smooth coat varieties are considered equally correct, as are considerable differences in height and body proportions within the overall sighthound structure. Some Arabian Sighthounds are taller and more lightly built, while others are shorter and more substantial, yet all are correct as long as they maintain the grace, symmetry, and functional structure necessary for their original work. This flexibility in the standard honors the breed's authentic heritage and ensures that Arabian Sighthounds remain the versatile, functional hunters they have always been rather than conforming to arbitrary aesthetic preferences divorced from function.

• American Kennel Club (AKC): "Recognized in 1929 as Saluki; member of the Hound Group"
• United Kennel Club (UKC): "Recognized in 1956 as Saluki; Sighthound & Pariah Group"
• Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI): "Recognized in 1966 as Saluki; Group 10 (Sighthounds), Section 1 (Long-haired or fringed Sighthounds)"
• The Kennel Club (UK): "First major recognition in 1923 as Saluki; member of the Hound Group"
• Canadian Kennel Club (CKC): "Recognized as Saluki; member of the Hound Group"

The Arabian Sighthound embodies the perfect form for a desert coursing dog, with every physical characteristic shaped by thousands of years of natural and selective breeding for speed, endurance, and the ability to navigate challenging terrain. Standing 23 to 28 inches at the shoulder for males and slightly smaller for females, these elegant dogs present an image of grace, symmetry, and controlled power that has remained essentially unchanged since ancient times.

The head conveys nobility and purpose with its long, narrow skull that tapers gradually from a moderately wide base toward the nose. This classic sighthound head shape provides excellent binocular vision for spotting distant prey, while the large, oval eyes ranging from dark to hazel reflect the breed's gentle intelligence and keen visual acuity. The drop ears hang close to the head, covered with silky feathering in feathered dogs and short smooth hair in the smooth variety. The overall expression combines alertness with dignity and a slightly reserved quality that reflects the breed's independent nature.

The body structure demonstrates perfect adaptation for high-speed pursuit across rough terrain. The neck is long and supple, allowing the dog to maintain visual contact with prey while running at top speed. The deep, narrow chest provides ample lung capacity without interfering with the forelegs' stride or restricting movement through tight spaces. The body is approximately square in proportion when measured from the point of shoulder to buttocks and from withers to ground, creating a balanced platform for both speed and endurance. Well-sprung ribs allow full expansion during the intense breathing of a high-speed chase, while the well-muscled loin shows a slight arch that contributes to powerful rear drive.

The Arabian Sighthound's running gear reflects centuries of refinement for maximum efficiency. The forelegs are straight and well-muscled, capable of absorbing the impact of landing after the suspension phase when all four feet leave the ground. The hindquarters are strong, showing the galloping and jumping power necessary for pursuing agile prey over uneven ground. The stifles are moderately bent, and the hocks are low to the ground, creating the leverage needed for explosive acceleration and sharp turns at speed.

The coat comes in two equally valid varieties that have coexisted within the breed for centuries. The feathered variety, which most people recognize as typical of the breed, displays short, smooth, silky body hair with longer, flowing feathering on the ears, tail, between the toes, and often on the backs of the legs and under the throat. This feathering adds to the breed's elegant appearance while providing some protection from rough vegetation and extremes of temperature. The smooth variety features uniformly short, sleek hair over the entire body without any feathering. Both types can appear in the same litter, both are considered equally correct, and both require similar minimal grooming. The coat appears in virtually every color and combination, including white, cream, fawn, golden, red, grizzle, black and tan, and tricolor patterns.

Perhaps the most distinctive and functional feature of the Arabian Sighthound is its unusual feet. Known as "hare feet" for their longer shape compared to the compact "cat feet" of many breeds, these paws feature well-arched toes and abundant hair growing between the pads and toes. This adaptation serves multiple purposes: the hair provides traction on loose sand, protects the pads from hot desert sand and sharp rocks, and cushions impact when running at high speed over rough terrain. The long, low-set tail is carried naturally in a curve and reaches at least to the hock. In feathered dogs, the underside of the tail displays beautiful silky fringing that flows gracefully behind the dog when running, adding to the overall impression of elegance in motion.

The Arabian Sighthound's history reaches so far into antiquity that its precise origins can never be fully known, though archaeological evidence and genetic analysis confirm it as one of the oldest, if not the oldest, breed of domesticated dog. The story begins in the Fertile Crescent, that arc of land stretching from Egypt through the Levant and into Mesopotamia where human civilization first emerged. In this region where agriculture was invented, cities first arose, and writing was developed, humans and these elegant sighthounds formed a partnership that has endured for millennia.

Archaeological discoveries provide compelling evidence of the breed's ancient lineage. Pottery fragments from Susa in southwest Iran, dating to approximately 6000 years ago, depict running dogs with elongated bodies, long legs, and drop ears remarkably similar to modern Arabian Sighthounds. Wall carvings and cylinder seals from the Sumerian empire in ancient Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) show similar dogs from 6000 to 7000 BCE, making these among the earliest representations of domesticated dogs in human art. Most convincingly, skeletal remains of a dog clearly belonging to the greyhound and Saluki form were excavated at Tell Brak in Syria and dated through carbon dating to approximately 4000 years before present, providing physical proof that dogs of this type existed in the region at the dawn of recorded history.

Ancient Egypt elevated the Arabian Sighthound to a position of honor unmatched by any other animal. Beginning in the Middle Kingdom period (2134-1785 BCE) and increasing through subsequent dynasties, tomb paintings and carvings increasingly featured elegant hounds resembling modern Salukis. Known as the Royal Dog of Egypt, these hounds were so valued that they were mummified after death and entombed alongside pharaohs and nobles, treated as beloved companions who would accompany their owners into the afterlife. The breed's sacred status meant that only royalty and the highest nobility could own these magnificent hunters, and their loss was mourned as deeply as the death of a family member.

For Bedouin tribes throughout the Arabian Peninsula and across the vast expanse of the Middle East, the Arabian Sighthound represented far more than a hunting tool—it was an essential partner in survival. These nomadic peoples depended on their dogs to pursue and catch the swift game that provided food and valuable pelts. The breed's combination of keen eyesight for spotting distant prey, explosive speed for running it down, stamina for long chases, and agility for navigating rough terrain made it invaluable in harsh desert conditions where other hunting methods proved less effective.

Bedouin hunters developed sophisticated techniques for working with their Arabian Sighthounds. In some traditions, hunters would ride camels or horses close to fleeing gazelles and release their dogs at speed, giving the sighthounds a running start that increased their chances of success. Other hunting methods employed trained falcons or hawks that would attack the prey's head and eyes, distracting and slowing the quarry while the dogs closed in for the capture. This partnership between birds of prey and sighthounds demonstrates the sophisticated understanding Bedouin hunters had of their animals' capabilities and the importance of the Arabian Sighthound in their culture.

The breed's position in Islamic culture represents a fascinating exception to traditional Muslim views on canine companionship. While Islamic law generally considered dogs unclean animals that should not be allowed into living spaces or handled unnecessarily, the Arabian Sighthound alone was exempted from these restrictions. Known as el hor (the noble one), these dogs were permitted to share Bedouin tents, sleep on carpets and bedding beside family members, and even share meals from the same vessels as their owners. This extraordinary treatment reflected both practical value as hunting companions and spiritual significance, with the breed considered a gift from Allah himself. Some Bedouin traditions held that dogs with a patch of white in the middle of the forehead bore "the kiss of Allah" and were especially prized.

The practice of never selling Arabian Sighthounds but only giving them as gifts of honor or friendship between tribes and rulers ensured that bloodlines remained pure and carefully controlled across generations. This tradition, combined with the strict prohibition against breeding Arabian Sighthounds with any other type of dog, preserved the breed's characteristics essentially unchanged for thousands of years. The result is that a modern Arabian Sighthound would be instantly recognizable to an ancient Egyptian pharaoh or Bedouin chieftain as the same noble breed they knew and valued.

The Western world's awareness of Arabian Sighthounds began in the late nineteenth century but accelerated dramatically in the early twentieth century. The Honorable Florence Amherst imported the first Salukis to England in 1895, though organized breeding efforts did not begin immediately. The breed gained significant attention when Major and Mrs. Lance, stationed in the Middle East during World War I, brought breeding stock back to England. Their efforts to promote the breed, combined with Florence Amherst's continued advocacy, coincided perfectly with the Egyptomania cultural phenomenon sparked by Howard Carter's discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb in 1922.

This confluence of growing awareness and cultural fascination with ancient Egypt created ideal conditions for breed recognition. The Kennel Club of the United Kingdom officially recognized the Saluki in 1923, establishing the first Western breed standard. Importantly, early breed fanciers ensured that the standard deliberately allowed for the significant variation in type that had always existed within the breed, recognizing that different tribal groups had bred for dogs adapted to their specific terrain and quarry. This respect for natural variation remains a hallmark of breed standards worldwide.

The American Kennel Club followed with recognition in 1929, and the Saluki Club of America was founded in 1927 to promote and preserve the breed in North America. Imports from the Middle East continued through the 1920s and 1930s, with dogs coming from Egypt, Iraq, Transjordan, Bahrain, and other regions. German, Dutch, and Swedish breeders also developed significant populations, though these European dogs were not initially imported to England.

World War II nearly proved catastrophic for Arabian Sighthounds in Europe. Food rationing made feeding large dogs nearly impossible, and the constant danger from bombing raids convinced many owners to euthanize their kennels rather than watch their dogs starve or die in air attacks. By war's end, only a handful of dedicated breeders had maintained bloodlines, preserving the breed by the narrowest of margins. The slow process of rebuilding began after 1945, aided by fresh imports from the Middle East by returning servicemen who had encountered the breed during wartime service. These post-war imports brought new genetic diversity and helped revitalize breeding programs that had been severely depleted.

In its homeland, the Arabian Sighthound continues to be valued for its original purpose. Traditional coursing events remain popular in Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and other Gulf states, where these magnificent dogs demonstrate the speed and endurance that made them invaluable to ancient hunters. The Arabian Saluki Center in Dubai and other regional organizations work to preserve traditional bloodlines and promote the breed's cultural heritage. Saluki races and coursing competitions attract enthusiastic audiences and maintain the connection between modern dogs and their ancient ancestors.

In the West, while the Arabian Sighthound remains relatively rare compared to popular breeds, it maintains a devoted following among those who appreciate its unique combination of ancient heritage, functional athletic ability, and gentle temperament. Modern enthusiasts honor the breed's heritage through participation in lure coursing events that simulate the chase of live prey without harming animals, allowing Arabian Sighthounds to demonstrate the skills for which they were bred while respecting contemporary ethical standards. The breed's remarkable journey from ancient desert companion to modern show dog and family pet, spanning thousands of years and multiple continents, testifies to the enduring appeal of these noble hounds.

Understanding the Arabian Sighthound's temperament requires appreciating the fundamental duality that defines the breed. Within the home, these dogs embody calm, dignified companionship, moving through the household with quiet grace and spending much of their time resting on soft surfaces. Outside, when given the opportunity to exercise their natural abilities, they transform into focused athletes of breathtaking speed and determination. This contrast between indoor tranquility and outdoor intensity shapes every aspect of life with an Arabian Sighthound.

In domestic settings, these dogs demonstrate remarkable serenity and self-containment. They sleep for extended periods throughout the day, often seeking out the softest available resting spots such as couches, beds, or cushioned dog beds. Unlike many active breeds that constantly seek engagement or stimulation, Arabian Sighthounds are content to simply exist in the presence of their family, keeping a watchful eye without demanding constant interaction. They move through the house with fluid grace, rarely making unnecessary noise or causing disruption. Their bark is used sparingly, typically only to alert to genuinely unusual circumstances, making them considerate companions for those who value peace and quiet or have close neighbors.

The breed's expression of affection reflects its ancient heritage and independent nature. Arabian Sighthounds do not typically engage in the exuberant greetings, tail-wagging displays, or physical demands for attention common in many breeds. Instead, they show their attachment through subtle gestures and quiet proximity. They choose to rest near their favorite people, follow them from room to room at a dignified distance, and may offer a gentle lean against a leg or place their head in an owner's lap as a request for attention. Soft eye contact and the selection of a resting spot that offers a view of family activities communicate their devotion more clearly than any amount of bouncing or barking could. This quiet, steady affection runs deep, though it may take time for the bond to fully develop as the dog comes to trust and rely on its family.

With strangers and in unfamiliar situations, Arabian Sighthounds display the reserved caution characteristic of many ancient breeds. They do not rush to greet visitors or seek attention from unfamiliar people. Instead, they observe from a distance, assessing the situation with their keen intelligence before deciding whether to approach. This wariness should not be mistaken for fear or aggression, neither of which are characteristic of properly bred and socialized Arabian Sighthounds. Rather, it reflects a discriminating nature and self-possessed dignity that does not depend on approval or attention from everyone encountered. Early and consistent socialization helps these dogs develop confidence in new situations, though they will never become the sort of dog that treats every stranger as a potential best friend.

The breed's intelligence is considerable and manifests in ways that can surprise those accustomed to more biddable breeds. Arabian Sighthounds were developed to hunt independently across vast distances, making split-second decisions about pursuit angles, terrain navigation, and when to abandon one chase in favor of more promising quarry, all without handler input. This history of autonomous action means they think for themselves and evaluate situations rather than blindly following commands. When given a cue or command, an Arabian Sighthound may pause to consider whether compliance makes sense in the current context. This thoughtful approach requires patience and respect from owners who must earn the dog's cooperation through positive methods that make sense to the dog rather than demanding obedience through force or intimidation.

Perhaps no aspect of the Arabian Sighthound's personality is more powerful or defining than its prey drive. Seven thousand years of selective breeding for the ability to spot, pursue, and catch swift desert game have created an instinct that remains as powerful today as it was in ancient times. When an Arabian Sighthound spots a small, fast-moving animal, something fundamental shifts in the dog. The calm companion becomes a focused predator, and the strong instinct to chase overrides training, bonding, and years of socialization. Even dogs with excellent recall training may completely ignore commands when prey drive activates, as the biological imperative to pursue is simply too powerful to overcome with training alone. This characteristic is not a flaw or a training failure—it is the very essence of what these dogs were bred to be. Responsible owners accept and manage this reality rather than punishing it, ensuring that their Arabian Sighthounds can only run free in completely secure areas where the instinct to chase cannot lead to tragedy.

Successfully integrating an Arabian Sighthound into family life requires understanding this breed's unique characteristics and meeting its specific needs. While these elegant dogs adapt to various living situations more readily than their size and athletic nature might suggest, certain fundamental requirements must be met to ensure both the dog's wellbeing and the family's satisfaction with their choice of breed.

The question of suitable housing for Arabian Sighthounds often surprises people unfamiliar with sighthound behavior. Despite standing up to 28 inches tall and weighing as much as 65 pounds, these dogs can adapt remarkably well to apartment living. Their quiet, calm indoor demeanor makes them considerate neighbors who rarely disturb others with barking, jumping, or destructive behavior. However, this adaptability comes with one absolutely critical requirement: adequate daily exercise. An Arabian Sighthound must have opportunities to run at full speed in safely enclosed areas. Without this outlet for their physical needs and psychological drive to run, even the most well-adjusted dog will become bored, restless, or develop problematic behaviors. Access to a securely fenced yard provides ideal exercise opportunities, though regular trips to suitable dog parks or open areas can substitute if the living situation does not include a yard.

Fencing requirements for Arabian Sighthounds deserve special emphasis and cannot be overstated. These dogs can reach speeds exceeding 40 miles per hour and possess remarkable jumping ability when motivated by the sight of potential prey. Standard residential fencing should be at least six feet high with no gaps large enough for the dog to squeeze through or dig under. The fence must be secure at ground level, as Arabian Sighthounds will exploit any opening in pursuit of prey. Invisible or electronic fences are completely inadequate for this breed. The brief shock delivered by such systems is insufficient to deter an Arabian Sighthound in full pursuit mode, as the momentary discomfort means nothing compared to the overwhelming biological drive to chase. Dogs who run through electronic fences in pursuit of prey often will not return through the barrier due to the anticipated shock, leaving them lost in unfamiliar territory.

Families with children can successfully share their homes with Arabian Sighthounds, particularly when children are old enough to understand and consistently practice appropriate dog interactions. These gentle dogs rarely show aggression toward family members and demonstrate remarkable patience with children who treat them respectfully. However, several important considerations apply. Arabian Sighthounds prefer peaceful households without constant chaos, loud noises, or rough play. Very young children who grab, chase, pull, or handle dogs roughly may stress an Arabian Sighthound to the point where the dog avoids interaction entirely. Teaching children to allow the dog to approach them rather than pursuing or cornering the animal ensures positive relationships and prevents anxiety in the dog. Children should understand that the dog's resting spaces are off-limits and that the dog should never be disturbed while sleeping or eating.

The relationship between Arabian Sighthounds and other household pets varies dramatically depending on the species involved. These dogs typically coexist peacefully with other dogs and often seem to prefer the company of fellow sighthounds who share their communication style, play preferences, and understanding of personal space. They are not typically dog-aggressive and can thrive in multi-dog households with proper introductions and management. Some Arabian Sighthounds even enjoy wrestling and playing with compatible dogs, though their play style tends to be calmer and more controlled than that of many breeds.

However, the situation with small pets is far more complicated and potentially dangerous. Cats, rabbits, ferrets, guinea pigs, birds, and other small animals may trigger the powerful prey drive that defines the breed. Even Arabian Sighthounds raised from puppyhood with specific individual cats may never be completely trustworthy alone with them. Some dogs learn to accept particular cats as family members while still chasing and potentially killing unknown cats encountered outdoors. The movement of small pets, particularly if they run or flutter, can trigger chase behavior even in dogs who seem to have accepted them. Owners who choose to keep Arabian Sighthounds with small pets must maintain constant vigilance, never leaving the animals together unsupervised, and accepting that the arrangement requires management and risk acceptance that many people are unwilling or unable to provide.

The breed's exercise requirements, while significant, differ in character from what many people expect. Arabian Sighthounds are sprint specialists rather than endurance athletes. They need opportunities for intense, high-speed running several times per week but do not require hours of continuous moderate exercise. A typical exercise routine might include a good sprint session in a safely fenced area three or four times per week, supplemented by several shorter walks daily for mental stimulation, socialization, and bathroom breaks. On days when intensive exercise is not possible, extending walk times and duration helps burn excess energy and maintain physical conditioning.

Owners should anticipate and accept that their Arabian Sighthound will claim furniture and beds as preferred resting spots. These dogs appreciate comfort and seek soft surfaces instinctively, viewing human furniture as obviously superior to floor-level alternatives. Many owners find it easier to accommodate this preference by providing attractive dog beds or blankets on furniture rather than engaging in an unwinnable battle to keep the dog off. The breed's short coat and notable lack of doggy odor make them relatively tidy furniture companions, and most shed minimally, reducing concerns about hair accumulation.

Training an Arabian Sighthound successfully requires an approach fundamentally different from methods that work well with eager-to-please breeds developed for close cooperation with handlers. These ancient dogs were bred to make autonomous decisions while pursuing prey across vast distances, and this legacy of independent thinking shapes every training interaction. Understanding and working with these characteristics rather than against them is essential for developing a well-trained, happy Arabian Sighthound.

Positive reinforcement methods form the cornerstone of effective training for this sensitive, intelligent breed. Arabian Sighthounds respond enthusiastically to food rewards, genuine praise, and play opportunities used as consequences for desired behaviors. They learn quickly when motivated by positive outcomes and will eagerly repeat behaviors that result in rewards they value. However, they shut down completely or become avoidant when faced with harsh corrections, physical punishment, intimidation, or even excessively stern verbal corrections. Their sensitive nature means that what other breeds might tolerate with little concern can damage an Arabian Sighthound's trust and willingness to engage in training. Even a harsh tone of voice can set training progress back significantly.

Training sessions should be structured to feel like enjoyable games rather than drills. Keeping sessions relatively short, perhaps 5 to 10 minutes at a time, maintains engagement and prevents the boredom that can cause Arabian Sighthounds to simply walk away from training. Introducing variety by practicing different behaviors, changing locations, or incorporating play between repetitions keeps training interesting for these intelligent dogs. Their quick learning means they often master new behaviors in just a few repetitions, but they also require mental stimulation to remain interested. Repetitive drilling of behaviors already mastered bores Arabian Sighthounds quickly and may result in the dog offering creative variations or simply refusing to participate further.

Socialization represents one of the most important aspects of raising a well-adjusted Arabian Sighthound. Beginning in early puppyhood and continuing throughout the dog's life, carefully managed exposure to various people, places, sounds, and experiences helps build confidence and prevents the excessive timidity that can develop in under-socialized dogs of this breed. Puppy kindergarten classes with other calm, well-mannered dogs provide valuable learning opportunities, though care should be taken to ensure the environment is not overwhelming. Positive experiences matter far more than simple exposure, so owners should carefully monitor their puppy's reactions and remove the dog from situations that cause fear or stress before negative associations form. Pushing a frightened puppy to "face its fears" typically backfires with this sensitive breed, creating lasting anxiety rather than building confidence.

Recall training deserves special attention and realistic expectations when working with Arabian Sighthounds. While training a reliable recall is important and should begin early with high-value rewards and gradual increases in difficulty and distraction levels, owners must understand that even the best-trained recall will fail when prey drive activates. The instinct to chase is so powerful and so deeply ingrained through thousands of years of selective breeding that it overrides years of training in an instant. The neurological and hormonal response triggered by the sight of running prey essentially shuts down the parts of the brain responsible for learned behaviors and decision-making, leaving only the predatory sequence of spot, stalk, chase, catch.

For this reason, responsible Arabian Sighthound owners never rely solely on recall and always use secure fencing or leashes in unsecured areas. Practicing recall in low-distraction environments and rewarding generously when the dog responds helps develop the best recall possible for everyday situations, but prudence and respect for the breed's nature require acknowledging its limitations. Many owners find that their dogs have excellent recall when no prey animals are present but become selectively deaf the instant a squirrel or rabbit appears.

Exercise requirements for Arabian Sighthounds are significant but specific in character. These dogs need opportunities for high-speed running that allows them to fully extend and use their natural athletic abilities. A good sprint session in a safely fenced area, participation in lure coursing events, or time in a secure dog park where running is permitted typically satisfies this need. The transformation that occurs when an Arabian Sighthound is allowed to run is remarkable—the calm house dog becomes a creature of pure speed and grace, experiencing joy that is palpable to observers. However, they are not endurance athletes requiring hours of continuous activity. On days when intensive exercise is not possible, several shorter walks totaling 60 to 90 minutes usually suffice, though the dog will benefit more from one good sprint than from hours of walking.

Lure coursing represents the ideal exercise and sport for Arabian Sighthounds, as it perfectly engages both their physical capabilities and their natural hunting instincts in a safe, controlled environment. In coursing, dogs chase an artificial lure (typically white plastic bags) that is pulled rapidly across a field by a motorized pulley system, simulating the zigzagging flight of prey. Many owners find that their dogs are happiest and most fulfilled when regularly participating in coursing activities. Local sighthound clubs often organize practice sessions and competitions where Arabian Sighthounds can safely pursue lures through open fields. Straight racing on a track also appeals to some dogs, though the breed's independent nature means they may choose interesting detours rather than following the direct path.

Agility training offers another outlet for their athleticism and intelligence, though success depends on the individual dog's willingness to work closely with a handler. Some Arabian Sighthounds enjoy the mental challenge and physical activity of agility, while others find the repetition tedious or the required handler focus constraining. Owners interested in pursuing agility should be prepared for a dog who might decide that the weave poles are optional or that the pause table is a good place to survey the landscape rather than holding a stay.

Without adequate exercise, Arabian Sighthounds may become bored, restless, or develop unwanted behaviors such as destructiveness, excessive vocalization, or attempts to escape confinement. However, they rarely develop the severe behavior problems sometimes seen in under-exercised working breeds. Their calm indoor demeanor persists even when exercise falls short of ideal, though they function best and seem happiest when their physical needs are consistently met.

Arabian Sighthounds are generally healthy, robust dogs blessed with a relatively long lifespan for their size. Most live between 12 and 14 years, with some individuals reaching 15 years or more when provided with excellent care. Recent research indicates that the breed's average life expectancy is approximately 13.3 years, which compares very favorably to the average of 12.7 years for purebred dogs and 12 years for crossbreeds. This longevity reflects the breed's functional heritage and thousands of years of natural selection favoring sound, healthy dogs capable of performing demanding physical work. However, like all breeds, Arabian Sighthounds can be affected by certain health conditions that responsible breeders work to minimize and that owners should understand and monitor throughout their dogs' lives.

One of the breed's most significant health advantages is its remarkably low incidence of hip dysplasia compared to other breeds of similar size. A comprehensive survey conducted by the British Veterinary Association in 2003 ranked the breed joint lowest for hip dysplasia among all breeds surveyed, with an average score of just 5 points on a scale where 0 represents perfect hips and 106 indicates severe dysplasia. This exceptional hip health stems directly from the breed's functional breeding history. For thousands of years, only dogs with sound structure capable of running at extreme speeds over rough terrain for extended periods were used for breeding, as dogs with hip problems simply could not perform the work required of them. This intense natural selection pressure against hip dysplasia has essentially eliminated it as a major concern in Arabian Sighthounds, making them one of the few large breeds where hip issues are truly rare.

Cardiac disease can affect Arabian Sighthounds, with dilated cardiomyopathy representing a particular concern within the breed. This progressive condition causes the heart muscle to become weakened over time, reducing its ability to effectively pump blood throughout the body. In early stages, dilated cardiomyopathy may produce few obvious symptoms, making regular veterinary examinations crucial for early detection. Veterinarians listen carefully for heart murmurs during routine physical examinations, as these abnormal heart sounds can indicate developing heart disease. Dogs diagnosed with cardiomyopathy typically require medications to support heart function, dietary modifications, and activity restrictions to reduce cardiac workload. With appropriate management and monitoring, many dogs with heart disease maintain good quality of life for several years following diagnosis.

Ocular problems warrant attention and monitoring in Arabian Sighthounds. Progressive retinal atrophy, an inherited condition that causes gradual degeneration of the light-sensitive cells in the retina, represents a significant concern. This condition eventually leads to complete blindness, though the progression may be slow and dogs often adapt remarkably well to vision loss, particularly when they remain in familiar environments. The first sign owners typically notice is difficulty seeing in dim light or darkness, as night vision deteriorates before day vision. Cataracts, which cause clouding of the lens and impair vision, can also develop in Arabian Sighthounds. Glaucoma, a painful increase in intraocular pressure, represents another potential concern. Regular eye examinations by board-certified veterinary ophthalmologists help detect these conditions in their early stages, and responsible breeders screen their breeding stock through organizations such as the Canine Eye Registration Foundation to reduce the incidence of hereditary eye diseases.

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis is a rare but devastating genetic neurological disease that has been identified in some Saluki bloodlines. This progressive lysosomal storage disease causes abnormal accumulation of cellular waste products in nerve cells, leading to cell damage and eventual death. Affected dogs typically begin showing symptoms between one and two years of age, including uncoordinated movements, behavioral changes, increased vocalization, vision loss, and seizures. The condition progressively worsens with no effective treatment available, and affected dogs typically succumb to the disease by three to five years of age. Fortunately, genetic testing can identify carriers and at-risk dogs, allowing breeders to make informed decisions that prevent producing affected puppies while preserving valuable bloodlines by carefully managing carrier animals.

Gastric dilatation-volvulus, commonly called bloat, represents a life-threatening emergency that can affect Arabian Sighthounds due to their deep, narrow chest conformation. This condition occurs when the stomach rapidly fills with gas and may rotate on its axis, twisting and cutting off blood supply while preventing the gas from escaping through normal routes. Symptoms include obvious restlessness and discomfort, unproductive attempts to vomit, rapid distension of the abdomen, and progressive shock. Bloat requires immediate emergency veterinary intervention including decompression of the stomach and surgery to return the stomach to its normal position and anchor it to prevent future rotation. Even with prompt treatment, mortality rates for bloat remain significant. Feeding smaller meals multiple times daily rather than one large meal, preventing vigorous exercise immediately before and after meals, and avoiding elevated food bowls may help reduce risk, though no prevention method is completely reliable and bloat can occur even in dogs whose owners follow all recommendations.

Cancer affects Arabian Sighthounds as they age, as it does most dog breeds. Hemangiosarcoma, an aggressive cancer affecting the cells lining blood vessels, represents a particular concern. This cancer can develop in multiple organs but most commonly affects the spleen, liver, and heart. Hemangiosarcoma often remains undetected until it reaches advanced stages or ruptures, causing life-threatening internal bleeding. Regular veterinary examinations including abdominal palpation help catch abnormalities early, and owners should remain vigilant for any unusual lumps, changes in behavior or energy level, pale gums, weakness, collapse episodes, or unexplained symptoms that could indicate internal problems.

Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency is a neurological disorder that has been documented in Salukis, characterized by seizures, uncoordinated movements, and abnormal behaviors including unusual vocalization episodes. The genetic variant associated with this condition has been identified in the breed, and genetic testing can identify carriers and at-risk dogs, allowing breeders to make informed breeding decisions.

Preventive care plays a crucial role in maintaining Arabian Sighthound health throughout their lives and maximizing their longevity. Regular veterinary check-ups, ideally twice yearly for adult dogs and more frequently for puppies and senior dogs, allow veterinarians to monitor overall health, detect problems in their early stages when intervention is most effective, and ensure that vaccinations remain current and appropriate. These examinations should include thorough physical assessments including careful auscultation of the heart and lungs, abdominal palpation, dental evaluations, and detailed discussions about any changes in the dog's behavior, appetite, water consumption, urination, defecation, or energy level.

Maintaining appropriate body weight is essential for Arabian Sighthound health and longevity. These naturally slender dogs should show visible definition of ribs and a distinct waistline when viewed from above and a clear abdominal tuck when viewed from the side, though individual ribs should not protrude dramatically and hipbones should not be prominently visible. Weight management through appropriate diet portioning and regular exercise prevents obesity-related health problems including diabetes, joint stress, and increased cardiac workload. Overweight Arabian Sighthounds face increased risks of numerous health conditions and typically experience shorter lifespans than dogs maintained at healthy weights.

Dental care deserves special emphasis as a critical component of overall health maintenance. Regular tooth brushing, ideally daily but at least several times weekly, prevents plaque and tartar buildup that leads to painful periodontal disease. Professional dental cleanings performed under anesthesia may be necessary periodically to remove accumulated tartar below the gum line and treat any dental problems. Poor dental health affects far more than just the mouth and teeth. Bacteria from infected gums enter the bloodstream and can damage major organs including the heart valves, liver, and kidneys, potentially shortening lifespan and compromising overall health.

Genetic health testing provides valuable information for both breeders and owners, allowing informed decisions about breeding and health management. Tests are available for several conditions affecting Arabian Sighthounds, including progressive retinal atrophy and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Responsible breeders test their breeding stock and make informed decisions based on results, working to produce healthier puppies while preserving genetic diversity within the breed. Owners can also benefit from testing their dogs to better understand potential health risks and plan appropriate monitoring and preventive care.

Routine blood work performed during wellness examinations provides important baseline information about organ function and metabolic health, and can detect problems before obvious symptoms appear. Complete blood chemistry panels evaluate liver and kidney function, blood sugar levels, protein levels, and electrolyte balance, while complete blood counts assess red and white blood cell populations and platelet counts. Early detection of abnormalities allows for intervention before conditions become serious or irreversible.

Parasite prevention through consistent year-round use of heartworm preventive medication and appropriate flea and tick control products protects Arabian Sighthounds from dangerous parasitic infections and the diseases they transmit. These preventive measures are far more effective and less costly than treating established parasitic diseases. Heartworm disease, transmitted by mosquitoes, causes severe progressive damage to the lungs, heart, and pulmonary blood vessels that can be fatal if untreated and may cause permanent damage even with treatment. Intestinal parasites can cause digestive problems, malnutrition, and in severe cases life-threatening complications. Regular fecal examinations help ensure that any parasitic infections are detected and treated promptly.

One important consideration for Arabian Sighthound owners is that sighthounds, including Salukis, may be more sensitive to certain anesthetics and medications than other breeds due to their low body fat percentage and differences in drug metabolism. Veterinarians should always be informed of the dog's breed before administering anesthesia or prescribing medications. Proper drug selection, accurate dosing based on lean body mass rather than total weight, and careful monitoring during anesthesia help ensure safety during surgical procedures or dental cleanings. Owners should ensure that any veterinary clinic treating their Arabian Sighthound has experience with sighthounds and understands the special considerations these breeds require.

Regular veterinary check-ups and preventive care are essential for maintaining your Arabian Sighthound's health and longevity.

One of the Arabian Sighthound's most appealing practical characteristics is its minimal grooming requirements. Unlike breeds that demand professional grooming every six to eight weeks or intensive daily coat care, the Arabian Sighthound maintains its elegant appearance with remarkably little effort from owners. This low-maintenance grooming profile makes the breed particularly appealing for those who want a beautiful dog without spending significant time or money on coat care.

Weekly brushing represents the primary grooming requirement for both the feathered and smooth coat varieties. A soft bristle brush or grooming mitt effectively removes loose hair, distributes natural skin oils throughout the coat for healthy shine, and provides an opportunity to check the dog's skin for any issues such as lumps, irritation, or parasites. The process typically takes only 10 to 15 minutes and helps keep the modest amount of shedding under control while maintaining coat health. Most Arabian Sighthounds seem to enjoy the attention and gentle massage aspect of brushing sessions, making this a pleasant bonding activity rather than a chore.

For feathered dogs, slightly more attention is required to maintain the longer hair on the ears, tail, between the toes, and sometimes on the backs of the legs and under the throat. These feathered areas can develop tangles if completely neglected, so careful combing two to three times weekly prevents matting and keeps the feathering looking its best. A metal comb with both wide and narrow teeth works well for gently working through the feathering, starting from the ends and working toward the skin to avoid pulling and discomfort. Most feathered Arabian Sighthounds only develop serious tangles if the feathering gets wet and is allowed to dry without combing, so extra attention after baths or swimming prevents problems.

Bathing requirements are remarkably minimal due to the breed's naturally clean nature and notable absence of typical doggy odor. Most Arabian Sighthounds only require bathing when they become visibly dirty or encounter something particularly messy during outdoor adventures. Many dogs go months between baths, particularly if they are brushed regularly to remove surface dirt. Frequent bathing can strip natural oils from the coat and skin, potentially causing dryness, irritation, and paradoxically making the coat look less healthy. When baths are necessary, using a mild dog shampoo formulated for sensitive skin helps maintain coat quality and prevents skin problems. Thorough rinsing is essential to remove all shampoo residue, which can cause itching and irritation if left in the coat.

For owners of feathered Arabian Sighthounds who want to protect ear feathering during meals, a practical accessory called a "snood" offers an elegant solution. This soft, stretchy fabric tube fits over the dog's head and holds the long ear feathers back and out of the way, preventing them from dragging through food and water bowls. While not strictly necessary, snoods save considerable time that would otherwise be spent cleaning and combing food particles out of ear feathering after each meal. Many dogs quickly accept snoods as part of their mealtime routine.

Regular nail trimming is essential for Arabian Sighthound health, comfort, and proper gait. These dogs' nails grow continuously and can become quite long if neglected, potentially causing discomfort when walking or running and even affecting the dog's movement over time. Most Arabian Sighthounds require nail trimming every two to three weeks to maintain appropriate length, though dogs who run frequently on hard surfaces such as concrete or asphalt may wear their nails down naturally and need less frequent trimming. Either traditional nail clippers designed for dogs or rotary nail grinding tools (often called Dremel-style grinders) work well, with individual dogs often tolerating one method better than the other. Owners should take care to avoid cutting into the quick, the living tissue containing blood vessels and nerves inside the nail that causes significant pain and bleeding if cut. If uncertain about proper technique, owners can have veterinary staff or professional groomers demonstrate nail trimming before attempting it themselves.

Dental care represents perhaps the most important yet frequently neglected aspect of routine dog maintenance. Like all breeds, Arabian Sighthounds benefit tremendously from regular tooth brushing with toothpaste specifically formulated for dogs. Human toothpaste contains ingredients toxic to dogs and should never be used. Daily brushing is ideal and provides maximum protection against plaque and tartar buildup, but even brushing several times per week significantly reduces the risk of periodontal disease, helps prevent tooth loss, and keeps breath fresh. Starting dental care routines when dogs are young helps them accept the process more readily, but older dogs can learn to tolerate tooth brushing with patient, gradual introduction. Professional dental cleanings performed by veterinarians under anesthesia may be necessary periodically, particularly as dogs age and tartar accumulation becomes more significant despite home care.

Ear care deserves regular attention, though Arabian Sighthounds' drop ears do not typically develop the chronic infections common in breeds with heavier, floppier, or hair-filled ears. Checking ears weekly allows owners to spot any developing issues early before they become serious. Healthy ears appear pink and clean inside with minimal wax buildup and no unusual odor. If ears appear dirty or have modest wax accumulation, cleaning with a veterinarian-approved ear cleaning solution helps maintain ear health. The solution is applied to the ear canal, the base of the ear is gently massaged to distribute the cleaner, and then the dog is allowed to shake its head to expel loosened debris. Cotton balls or gauze can then be used to wipe the visible parts of the ear. Any signs of infection such as redness, excessive wax, dark discharge, or foul odor warrant prompt veterinary attention, as ear infections can become serious if left untreated and may indicate underlying allergies or other health issues.

If you're looking to adopt a Arabian Sighthound, consider contacting these breed-specific rescue organizations:

"Don't Shop... Please Adopt" - There are many wonderful Arabian Sighthounds waiting for their forever homes.