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Miscellaneous
Vertigo, better known as vestibular disease in dogs, is an uncommon condition in older dogs. Most cases are idiopathic, but it can also be caused by otitis interna, or inner ear infection, tumors, and encephalitis. Signs include nystagmus, head tilt, circling, vomiting, and falling to one side. Idiopathic vestibular disease will usually resolve in a few days to a few weeks.
Molera (hole in skull), better known as an open fontanelle, may be a sign of hydrocephalus, but is also a normal finding in toy breeds such as Chihuahua.
Anal gland problems are a very common issue with dogs. Disease of the anal glands or anal sacs may include impaction, infection, or abscessation. The dog will periodically discharge a fishy-smelling substance from its anus when they get too full. These glands are normally expressed when the dog defecates.
Shar Pei fever is a condition seen in Shar Peis characterized by recurring fever and swelling of the hocks. Shar Pei fever can result in renal and liver failure through accumulation of amyloid in those organs (amyloidosis).
Liver failure is common in dogs. Signs include vomiting, loss of appetite, weight loss, and jaundice. Causes include bacterial or viral infection, toxic insult, cancer, copper storage diseases, or it may be idiopathic.
Dental disease is very common in dogs. Calculus is the most obvious sign of dental disease, but gingivitis progressing to periodontitis is what results in
tooth loss. Treatment involves scaling and polishing of the teeth under general anesthesia and treatment of any periodontal disease. Prevention is very important and
can be accomplished through the use of special diets or treats, brushing, and plaque prevention gels.
Portosystemic shunt, also known as a liver shunt, is a bypass of the liver by the body's circulatory system. It can be either a congenital or acquired condition.
Perineal hernia is a condition seen in dogs characterized by herniation of abdominal contents through the pelvic diaphragm and causing swelling on one side of the anus.
Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a disorder causing dysfunction of cilia. In dogs this manifests as sperm immotility and respiratory disease. Signs include nasal discharge, recurring pneumonia, and infertility. Symptoms develop soon after birth.
Cleft lip and palate is occasionally seen in dogs. Difficulty with nursing is the most common problem associated with clefts, but aspiration pneumonia may be seen with a cleft palate.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is uncommon in dogs. Most diaphragmatic hernias are caused by trauma. Congenital diaphragmatic hernias are usually communications between the peritoneum and pericardium. They are often incidental findings.
Gingival hyperplasia is seen in brachycephalic breeds, especially Boxers. It is a benign condition, although food and hair impaction is common.
Salmon poisoning disease is a fatal disease of dogs caused by infection with a type of rickettsia, either Neorickettsia helminthoeca or Neorickettsia elokominica. It results from eating raw salmon and is found in the Pacific Northwest.
Vaccine reactions can be considered any type of adverse event stemming from vaccination, including granuloma formation, but most commonly the term vaccine reaction is used to describe a type I hypersensitivity reaction. The most common signs are facial swelling and hives, but more rarely very serious signs such as hypotension and collapse may occur.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disease of the immune system characterized by the presence of antibodies to nucleic acid and/or antibodies to red blood cells, platelets, lymphocytes, clotting factors, and thyroglobulin. The disease can result in deposition of immune complexes or autoimmune disease. Immune complex deposition can cause vasculitis, meningitis, neuritis, and joint and skin disease. Autoimmune disease may result in hemolytic anemia or thrombocytopenia, which are the most common manifestations of SLE in dogs.
Myasthenia gravis results from the presence of antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor. Signs include megaesophagus and muscle weakness.
Tetanus is a disease caused by the bacteria Clostridium tetani following wound contamination. Dogs are not very susceptible to tetanus. Signs include difficulty opening the mouth and eating, contraction of the facial muscles, and rigid extension of the limbs. Dogs may also get localized tetanus, signs of which include stiffness of a limb spreading to the rest of the body.
Polydactyly is generally preaxial (on the dewclaw side) in dogs. Most cases are breed related, with the Great Pyrenees being the most well known example.
Tracheal collapse is a condition characterized by incomplete formation or weakening of the cartilagenous rings of the trachea. It is most common in small and toy breeds. Signs include a cough (often called a "goose honk cough" due to its sound), especially when excited.
Brachycephalic syndrome is a condition seen in brachycephalic (short-nosed) dogs, characterized by the presence of stenotic nares, elongated soft palate, narrow trachea, collapsed larynx, and everted laryngeal saccules. Signs include difficult and noisy breathing. Surgical options are available.
References
"Rabies: Introduction". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
Carter, G.R.; Wise, D.J. (2005). "Parvoviridae". A Concise Review of Veterinary Virology. Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
Carter, G.R.; Wise, D.J.; Flores, E.F. (2006). "Coronaviridae". A Concise Review of Veterinary Virology. Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
"Canine Distemper: Introduction". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
"Control of Canine Influenza in Dogs: Questions, Answers, and Interim Guidelines". American Veterinary Medical Association (2005-12-01). Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
Ettinger, Stephen J.;Feldman, Edward C. (1995). Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine (4th ed. ed.). W.B. Saunders Company. ISBN 0-7216-6795-3.
Hoskins, Johnny (May 1, 2005). "Herpesvirus: DVMs must manage infected litters". dvm. Retrieved on 26 November 2006.
"Pseudorabies: Introduction". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
Carmichael, L. (2004). "Neonatal Viral Infections of Pups: Canine Herpesvirus and Minute Virus of Canines (Canine Parvovirus-1)". Recent Advances in Canine Infectious Diseases. Retrieved on 2006-06-25.
Heuter, Kerry J.,Langston, Cathy E. (2003). "Leptospirosis: A re-emerging zoonotic disease". The Veterinary Clinics of North America 33: 791–807.
Straubinger, R.K. (2000). "Lyme Borreliosis In Dogs". Recent Advances in Canine Infectious Diseases. Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
"Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
Marks, Stanley L. (2003). "Bacterial Gastroenteritis in Dogs & Cats--More Common Than You Think". Proceedings of the 28th World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association. Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
Fenwick, B.; Keil, D.J. (2000). "Canine Respiratory Bordetellosis: Keeping up with an Evolving Pathogen". Recent Advances in Canine Infectious Diseases. Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
Mordecai, Adam L.; Bain, Perry J.; Latimer, Kenneth S.. "Blastomycosis In Dogs and Cats". College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Georgia. Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
Edison, Laura; Bain, Perry J.; Latimer, Kenneth S.; Roberts, Royce E.. "Canine and Feline Histoplasmosis". College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Georgia. Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
"Coccidioidomycosis" (PDF). The Center for Food Security & Public Health. Iowa State University (2004). Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
Reynolds, Cecily A.; Bain, Perry J.; Latimer, Kenneth S.. "Canine and Feline Cryptococcosis". College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Georgia. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
"Dermatophytosis: Cats and Dogs". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
"Sporotrichosis" (PDF). The Center for Food Security & Public Health. Iowa State University (2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
"Aspergillosis". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
Grooters, Amy M. (2003). "Pythiosis, lagenidiosis, and zygomycosis in small animals". The Veterinary Clinics of North America 33: 695–720. doi:10.1016/S0195-5616(03)00034-2.
"Giardiasis: Introduction". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
"Coccidiosis of Cats and Dogs". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
"Leishmaniasis in Dogs". College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Georgia. Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
Cleveland, C. Wyatt; Latimer, Kenneth S.; Peterson, David S.. "An Overview of Canine Babesiosis". College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Georgia. Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
Reichel, MP; Ellis JT, Dubey JP (2007). "Neosporosis and hammondiosis in dogs.". J Small Anim Pract 48 (6): 308–312. doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.2006.00236.x. PMID 17547641.
"Fleas and Flea Allergy Dermatitis: Introduction". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-03.
"Ticks: Introduction". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-03.
"Canine Heartworm Disease". American Heartworm Society (2005). Retrieved on 2006-12-03.
Griffin, Craig E.; Miller, William H.; Scott, Danny W. (2001). Small Animal Dermatology (6th ed. ed.). W.B. Saunders Company. ISBN 0-7216-7618-9.
Pozio, E; Darwin Murrell K (2006). "Systematics and epidemiology of trichinella.". Adv Parasitol 63: 367–439. doi:10.1016/S0065-308X(06)63005-4. PMID 17134656.
"Degenerative Arthritis". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-09.
"General Patellar Luxation Information". Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-09.
"Osteochondrosis". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-09.
"Panosteitis". Canine Inherited Disorders Database. University of Prince Edward Island (1998). Retrieved on 2006-12-09.
"Degenerative Diseases". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-09.
Hazewinkel, Herman A.W. (2004). "Hereditary Skeletal Diseases in Companion Animal Practice". Proceedings of the 29th World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association. Retrieved on 2006-12-09.
Thrall, Donald E. (1994). Textbook of Veterinary Diagnostic Radiology (2nd ed. ed.). W.B. Saunders Company. ISBN 0-7216-3143-6.
"What is von Willebrand's disease?". Canine Inherited Disorders Database. University of Prince Edward Island (1998). Retrieved on 2006-12-16.
"Acquired Thrombocytopenia". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-16.
Rebar, A.H.; MacWilliams, P.S., Feldman, B.F., et al. (2005). "Platelets: Overview, Morphology, Quantity, Platelet Function Disorders (Thrombocytopathia or Thrombopathia)". A Guide to Hematology in Dogs and Cats. Retrieved on 2006-12-16.
"Hemolytic anemia". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-16.
Plunkett, Signe J. (2000). Emergency Procedures for the Small Animal Veterinarian. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 11. ISBN 0702024872.
Feldman, Bernard F.; Joseph G. Zinkl, Nemi Chand Jain, Oscar William Schalm (2000). Schalm's Veterinary Hematology. Blackwell Publishing. p. 506. ISBN 0683306928.
Abbott, Jonathan A. (2000). Small Animal Cardiology Secrets (1st ed. ed.). Hanley & Belfus, Inc.. ISBN 1-56053-352-8.
"Heart Disease and Heart Failure: Introduction". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-16.
"Miscellaneous Congenital Cardiac Abnormalities". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-17.
Shearman JR and Wilton AN. Elimination of neutrophil elastase and adaptor protein complex 3 subunit genes as the cause of trapped neutrophil syndrome in Border collies. Animal Genetics. 38: 188-189
"TNS DNA Border Collie Test Results". Retrieved on 2008-04-07.
"Spinal Cord Disorders: Small Animals". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-19.
Chrisman, Cheryl; Clemmons, Roger; Mariani, Christopher; Platt, Simon (2003). Neurology for the Small Animal Practitioner (1st ed. ed.). Teton New Media. ISBN 1-893441-82-2.
"Cerebellar Disorders: Small Animals". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-19.
"Diseases of the Spinal Column and Cord: Degenerative Diseases". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-19.
"Facial Paralysis: Introduction". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-19.
Monnet, Eric (2004). "Laryngeal Paralysis". Proceedings of the 29th World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association. Retrieved on 2006-12-19.
Gelatt, Kirk N. (ed.) (1999). Veterinary Ophthalmology (3rd ed. ed.). Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-683-30076-8.
Bjerk, Ellen (2004). "Ocular Disease of the Aging Dog". Proceedings of the 29th World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association. Retrieved on 2006-12-31.
"Cataract Surgery in Dogs". Ophthalmology: Special Services , Technology & Information. NC State College of Veterinary Medicine. Retrieved on 2006-12-31.
"Retinal Detachments". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-31.
"Glaucoma". Ophthalmology: Special Services , Technology & Information. NC State College of Veterinary Medicine. Retrieved on 2006-12-31.
Ofri, Ron (2006). "Clinical Approach to the Dog with Red Eye(s)" (PDF). Proceedings of the 31st World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association. Retrieved on 2006-12-31.
Gustavson, Carrie (2000). "Horner's Syndrome Causes Pet's Droopy Eye". University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine. Retrieved on 2006-12-31.
"Optic Neuritis". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-31.
"Anterior Uvea". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-31.
"Otitis Externa: Introduction". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-01.
"Deafness: Introduction". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-01.
"Diseases of the Pinna: Introduction". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-01.
"Allergic Inhalant Dermatitis: Introduction". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-01.
"Canine Atopy". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-01.
"Fleas and Flea Allergy Dermatitis: Introduction". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-01.
Halliwell, Richard (2002). "Diagnosing, Treating and Preventing Food Allergy". Proceedings of the 27th World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association. Retrieved on 2007-01-01.
"Autoimmune Skin Disorders". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-01.
Paciello, O.; Lamagna, F., Lamagna, B., Papparella, S. (2003). "Ehlers-Danlos–Like Syndrome in 2 Dogs: Clinical, Histologic, and Ultrastructural Findings" (PDF). Veterinary Clinical Pathology 32 (1): 13–18. doi:10.1111/j.1939-165X.2003.tb00306.x. Retrieved on 1 January 2007.
Morrison, Wallace B. (1998). Cancer in Dogs and Cats (1st ed. ed.). Williams and Wilkins. ISBN 0-683-06105-4.
Moore, Anthony S. (2005). "Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors in Dogs". Proceedings of the 30th World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association. Retrieved on 2006-12-03.
Hofmeister, Erik; Cumming, Melinda; Dhein, Cheryl (1998). "Owner Documentation of Coprophagia in the Canine". Information for Pet Owners. Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine. Retrieved on 2007-01-07.
Keegan, Robert D. (2006). "Your Pet is Going to be Anesthetized...". Pet Health Topics. Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine. Retrieved on 2007-01-07.
Bosak, Jackie K. (June 2004). "Heat stroke in a Great Pyrenees dog". Canadian Veterinary Journal 45 (6): 513–515. PMID 15283523.
Knight, A.P.; Walter, R.G. (2003). "Plants Affecting the Digestive System". A Guide to Plant Poisoning of Animals in North America. International Veterinary Information Service. Retrieved on 2007-01-07.
"Diabetes Mellitus". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-09.
"Hyperthyroidism". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-09.
Daminet, S. (2003). "Canine Hypothyroidism: What's New?". Proceedings of the 28th World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association. Retrieved on 2007-01-09.
"Hypoadrenocorticism". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-09.
"Hyperadrenocorticism". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-09.
Nelson, Richard W. (2002). "Polyuria, Polydipsia and Diabetes Insipidus". Proceedings of the 27th World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association. Retrieved on 2006-01-09.
"Gastric Dilatation-volvulus". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-14.
Washabau, Robert J. (2005). "Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders of Dogs and Cats". Proceedings of the 30th World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association. Retrieved on 2007-01-14.
"What's Your Diagnosis?" (PDF). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 225 (3): 361–362. 2004. doi:10.2460/javma.2004.225.361. Retrieved on 14 January 2007.
"Perianal Fistula". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-14.
Simpson, Kenneth W. (2006). "Update on Pancreatitis in Dogs" (PDF). Proceedings of the 31st World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association. Retrieved on 2007-01-14.
"Inflammatory Bowel Disease". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-14.
Westermarck, Elias; Wiberg, Maria (2003). "Canine gastritis". The Veterinary Clinics of North America 33: 978–979.
"Gastrointestinal Obstruction". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-14.
"Renal Dysfunction: Overview". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-16.
"Acute Kidney Disease". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-16.
"Chronic Kidney Disease". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-16.
"Glomerular Disease". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-16.
Grauer, Gregory F. (2002). "Diagnosis and Management of Canine Glomerular Disease". Proceedings of the 27th World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association. Retrieved on 2007-01-16.
"Bacterial Cystitis". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-16.
Senior, David (2006). "Urinary Tract Infection" (PDF). Proceedings of the 31st World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association. Retrieved on 2007-01-16.
Holt, Peter E. (2004). "Urinary Incontinence in the Male and Female Dog or Does Sex Matter?". Proceedings of the 29th World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association. Retrieved on 2007-01-16.
"Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-16.
"Prostatitis". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-16.
"False Pregnancy". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-16.
"Hernias". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-16.
Wingfield, Wayne E. (1997). Hanley & Belfus, Inc.. ed. Veterinary Emergency Medicine Secrets. ISBN 1-56053-215-7.
"Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAID)". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-16.
"Rodenticide Poisoning: Introduction". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-16.
"Chocolate". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-16.
"Raisins/Grapes". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-16.
LeCouteur, Richard A. (2003). "Vestibular Diseases of Cats and Dogs". Proceedings of the 28th World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association. Retrieved on 2007-01-21.
"What is hydrocephalus?". Canine Inherited Disorders Database. University of Prince Edward Island (2001). Retrieved on 2007-01-21.
"Hepatic Disease in Small Animals: Introduction". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-21.
"Periodontal Disease". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-21.
Edwards DF, Patton CS, Kennedy JR (Jun 1992). "Primary ciliary dyskinesia in the dog". Probl Vet Med 4 (2): 291–319. PMID 1643316.
"Diaphragmatic Hernia: Introduction". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-21.
"Gingival Fibroma and Epulides". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-21.
Greene, Craig E. (2003). "Avoiding Vaccine Reactions in Dogs and Cats". Proceedings of the 28th World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association. Retrieved on 2007-01-21.
"Diseases Involving Immune Complexes". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-21.
"Myasthenia Gravis". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-21.
Braund, K.G. (2003). "Neurotoxic Disorders". Braund's Clinical Neurology in Small Animals: Localization, Diagnosis and Treatment. Retrieved on 2007-01-21.
Jezyk, P.F. (1985). "Constitutional Disorders of the Skeleton in Dogs and Cats". Textbook of Small Animal Orthopaedics. Retrieved on 2007-01-21.
Monnet, Eric (2004). "Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome". Proceedings of the 29th World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association. Retrieved on 2007-01-21.
Portosystemic shunt, also known as a liver shunt, is a bypass of the liver by the body's circulatory system. It can be either a congenital or acquired condition.
Perineal hernia is a condition seen in dogs characterized by herniation of abdominal contents through the pelvic diaphragm and causing swelling on one side of the anus.
Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a disorder causing dysfunction of cilia. In dogs this manifests as sperm immotility and respiratory disease. Signs include nasal discharge, recurring pneumonia, and infertility. Symptoms develop soon after birth.
Cleft lip and palate is occasionally seen in dogs. Difficulty with nursing is the most common problem associated with clefts, but aspiration pneumonia may be seen with a cleft palate.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is uncommon in dogs. Most diaphragmatic hernias are caused by trauma. Congenital diaphragmatic hernias are usually communications between the peritoneum and pericardium. They are often incidental findings.
Gingival hyperplasia is seen in brachycephalic breeds, especially Boxers. It is a benign condition, although food and hair impaction is common.
Salmon poisoning disease is a fatal disease of dogs caused by infection with a type of rickettsia, either Neorickettsia helminthoeca or Neorickettsia elokominica. It results from eating raw salmon and is found in the Pacific Northwest.
Vaccine reactions can be considered any type of adverse event stemming from vaccination, including granuloma formation, but most commonly the term vaccine reaction is used to describe a type I hypersensitivity reaction. The most common signs are facial swelling and hives, but more rarely very serious signs such as hypotension and collapse may occur.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disease of the immune system characterized by the presence of antibodies to nucleic acid and/or antibodies to red blood cells, platelets, lymphocytes, clotting factors, and thyroglobulin. The disease can result in deposition of immune complexes or autoimmune disease. Immune complex deposition can cause vasculitis, meningitis, neuritis, and joint and skin disease. Autoimmune disease may result in hemolytic anemia or thrombocytopenia, which are the most common manifestations of SLE in dogs.
Myasthenia gravis results from the presence of antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor. Signs include megaesophagus and muscle weakness.
Tetanus is a disease caused by the bacteria Clostridium tetani following wound contamination. Dogs are not very susceptible to tetanus. Signs include difficulty opening the mouth and eating, contraction of the facial muscles, and rigid extension of the limbs. Dogs may also get localized tetanus, signs of which include stiffness of a limb spreading to the rest of the body.
Polydactyly is generally preaxial (on the dewclaw side) in dogs. Most cases are breed related, with the Great Pyrenees being the most well known example.
Tracheal collapse is a condition characterized by incomplete formation or weakening of the cartilagenous rings of the trachea. It is most common in small and toy breeds. Signs include a cough (often called a "goose honk cough" due to its sound), especially when excited.
Brachycephalic syndrome is a condition seen in brachycephalic (short-nosed) dogs, characterized by the presence of stenotic nares, elongated soft palate, narrow trachea, collapsed larynx, and everted laryngeal saccules. Signs include difficult and noisy breathing. Surgical options are available.
References
"Rabies: Introduction". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
Carter, G.R.; Wise, D.J. (2005). "Parvoviridae". A Concise Review of Veterinary Virology. Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
Carter, G.R.; Wise, D.J.; Flores, E.F. (2006). "Coronaviridae". A Concise Review of Veterinary Virology. Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
"Canine Distemper: Introduction". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
"Control of Canine Influenza in Dogs: Questions, Answers, and Interim Guidelines". American Veterinary Medical Association (2005-12-01). Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
Ettinger, Stephen J.;Feldman, Edward C. (1995). Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine (4th ed. ed.). W.B. Saunders Company. ISBN 0-7216-6795-3.
Hoskins, Johnny (May 1, 2005). "Herpesvirus: DVMs must manage infected litters". dvm. Retrieved on 26 November 2006.
"Pseudorabies: Introduction". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
Carmichael, L. (2004). "Neonatal Viral Infections of Pups: Canine Herpesvirus and Minute Virus of Canines (Canine Parvovirus-1)". Recent Advances in Canine Infectious Diseases. Retrieved on 2006-06-25.
Heuter, Kerry J.,Langston, Cathy E. (2003). "Leptospirosis: A re-emerging zoonotic disease". The Veterinary Clinics of North America 33: 791–807.
Straubinger, R.K. (2000). "Lyme Borreliosis In Dogs". Recent Advances in Canine Infectious Diseases. Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
"Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
Marks, Stanley L. (2003). "Bacterial Gastroenteritis in Dogs & Cats--More Common Than You Think". Proceedings of the 28th World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association. Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
Fenwick, B.; Keil, D.J. (2000). "Canine Respiratory Bordetellosis: Keeping up with an Evolving Pathogen". Recent Advances in Canine Infectious Diseases. Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
Mordecai, Adam L.; Bain, Perry J.; Latimer, Kenneth S.. "Blastomycosis In Dogs and Cats". College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Georgia. Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
Edison, Laura; Bain, Perry J.; Latimer, Kenneth S.; Roberts, Royce E.. "Canine and Feline Histoplasmosis". College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Georgia. Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
"Coccidioidomycosis" (PDF). The Center for Food Security & Public Health. Iowa State University (2004). Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
Reynolds, Cecily A.; Bain, Perry J.; Latimer, Kenneth S.. "Canine and Feline Cryptococcosis". College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Georgia. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
"Dermatophytosis: Cats and Dogs". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
"Sporotrichosis" (PDF). The Center for Food Security & Public Health. Iowa State University (2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
"Aspergillosis". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
Grooters, Amy M. (2003). "Pythiosis, lagenidiosis, and zygomycosis in small animals". The Veterinary Clinics of North America 33: 695–720. doi:10.1016/S0195-5616(03)00034-2.
"Giardiasis: Introduction". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
"Coccidiosis of Cats and Dogs". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
"Leishmaniasis in Dogs". College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Georgia. Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
Cleveland, C. Wyatt; Latimer, Kenneth S.; Peterson, David S.. "An Overview of Canine Babesiosis". College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Georgia. Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
Reichel, MP; Ellis JT, Dubey JP (2007). "Neosporosis and hammondiosis in dogs.". J Small Anim Pract 48 (6): 308–312. doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.2006.00236.x. PMID 17547641.
"Fleas and Flea Allergy Dermatitis: Introduction". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-03.
"Ticks: Introduction". The Merck Veterinary Manual (2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-03.
"Canine Heartworm Disease". American Heartworm Society (2005). Retrieved on 2006-12-03.
Griffin, Craig E.; Miller, William H.; Scott, Danny W. (2001). Small Animal Dermatology (6th ed. ed.). W.B. Saunders Company. ISBN 0-7216-7618-9.
Pozio, E; Darwin Murrell K (2006). "Systematics and epidemiology of trichinella.". Adv Parasitol 63: 367–439. doi:10.1016/S0065-308X(06)63005-4. PMID 17134656.
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