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Health Issues
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Canine Perianal Gland Tumors
Issue Description
A perianal gland tumor is a type of tumor found near the anus in dogs that arises from specialized glandular tissue found in the perineum.
A perianal gland tumor is a type of tumor found near the anus in dogs that arises from specialized glandular tissue found in the perineum.
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Other Names
Perianal Gland Tumor, Hepatoid Tumor
Causes
It is most commonly seen in intact (not neutered) dogs and is the third most common tumor type in intact male dogs. There are two types of perianal gland tumors, perianal gland adenomas, which are benign, and perianal gland adenocarcinomas, which are malignant. Both have receptors for testosterone. Perianal gland adenomas are three times more likely to be found in intact male dogs than females, and perianal gland adenocarcinomas are ten times more common in male dogs than females.
Breeds Commonly Affected
The most commonly affected breeds for adenomas are the Siberian Husky, Cocker Spaniel, Pekingese, and Samoyed; for adenocarcinomas the most commonly affected breeds are the Siberian Husky, Bulldog, and Alaskan Malamute.
Common Symptoms Of Cancer
Hesitation to exercise or loss of energy.
Loss of appetite, weight loss.
Persistent lameness or stiffness of movement.
Lumps in the breast area.
Abnormality or difference in size of testicles.
Abnormal swellings that continue to grow, especially in the nymph nodes.
Sores do not heal.
Bleeding or discharge from the mouth, nose, urinary tract, rectum, or vagina.
Offensive odor.
Difficulty eating or swallowing.
Difficulty breathing.
Difficulty in urinating or defecating.
Perianal Gland Tumor, Hepatoid Tumor
Causes
It is most commonly seen in intact (not neutered) dogs and is the third most common tumor type in intact male dogs. There are two types of perianal gland tumors, perianal gland adenomas, which are benign, and perianal gland adenocarcinomas, which are malignant. Both have receptors for testosterone. Perianal gland adenomas are three times more likely to be found in intact male dogs than females, and perianal gland adenocarcinomas are ten times more common in male dogs than females.
Breeds Commonly Affected
The most commonly affected breeds for adenomas are the Siberian Husky, Cocker Spaniel, Pekingese, and Samoyed; for adenocarcinomas the most commonly affected breeds are the Siberian Husky, Bulldog, and Alaskan Malamute.
Common Symptoms Of Cancer
Diagnosis
Perianal gland tumors are located most commonly in the skin around the anus, but can also be found on the tail or groin. Adenomas are more common, making up 91 percent of perianal gland tumors in one study. Adenomas and adenocarcinomas look alike, both being round, pink and usually less than three centimeters in width. Adenocarcinomas are more likely to be multiple and invasive into the underlying tissue, and they can metastasize to the lymph nodes, liver, and lungs. Both types should be removed and sent to a pathologist for identification.
Treatment
About 95 percent of perianal gland adenomas will disappear after neutering the dog. Removing the tumor and neutering the dog at the same time will help prevent recurrence. Dogs with perianal gland adenocarcinomas should be treated with aggressive surgery and the radiation therapy and chemotherapy if necessary.
Perianal gland tumors are located most commonly in the skin around the anus, but can also be found on the tail or groin. Adenomas are more common, making up 91 percent of perianal gland tumors in one study. Adenomas and adenocarcinomas look alike, both being round, pink and usually less than three centimeters in width. Adenocarcinomas are more likely to be multiple and invasive into the underlying tissue, and they can metastasize to the lymph nodes, liver, and lungs. Both types should be removed and sent to a pathologist for identification.
Treatment
About 95 percent of perianal gland adenomas will disappear after neutering the dog. Removing the tumor and neutering the dog at the same time will help prevent recurrence. Dogs with perianal gland adenocarcinomas should be treated with aggressive surgery and the radiation therapy and chemotherapy if necessary.
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